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complication within 30 days (vascular, bleeding, pacemaker, kidney injury, stroke); stroke about 2-3%, death 1-3%."},"contraindications":["Active endocarditis or other active systemic infection","Left ventricular or aortic thrombus","Life expectancy under about 1 year or limited benefit","Unsuitable aortic annulus size or anatomy for available valves","Unsuitable vascular access with no feasible alternative route","Severe untreated coronary disease or other conditions needing surgery (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Uncomplicated transfemoral TAVI with minimalist approach; longer if conduction disturbance, bleeding or vascular complications occur."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity such as walking sooner; strenuous exercise after access-site healing and cardiology clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Symptom improvement and functional recovery are often noticeable within weeks; valve function is assessed by echocardiography at about 1 month."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":4,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After discharge, once access site, rhythm and echocardiogram are checked and the cardiologist gives clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Access-site check; may be done by phone or locally."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Clinical review with echocardiography and ECG."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":365,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Annual valve function review with echocardiography."}}],"indications":["Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis; intermediate, high or prohibitive surgical risk","Severe aortic stenosis favored for transcatheter treatment by heart team","Degenerated bioprosthetic aortic valve (valve-in-valve) in selected patients"],"main_risks":["Stroke or transient ischemic attack","Vascular access complications and bleeding","Conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker","Paravalvular leak","Acute kidney injury","Coronary obstruction, annular rupture (rare)","Valve thrombosis or later structural valve deterioration","Death (low but real periprocedural risk)","Endocarditis"],"pain":"Usually mild to moderate; groin access-site soreness and bruising for several days, managed with simple analgesics.","preparation":["Heart-team evaluation","Echocardiography, ECG and blood tests","Gated CT angiography of aorta, annulus and iliofemoral vessels","Coronary angiography as needed","Dental and infection screening","Fasting before the procedure as instructed","Review of medications by the care team","Informed consent"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Day 0–1","description":"Bed rest for a few hours after the procedure, rhythm monitoring, early mobilization.","restrictions":["Keep the access leg straight initially"]},{"phase":"Days 2–7","description":"Discharge in uncomplicated cases, walking, access-site care, monitoring for bleeding or rhythm problems.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No driving until cleared"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2–6","description":"Gradual return to normal activity; follow-up echocardiography.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exertion until cleared"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated transfemoral TAVI; cardiac rehabilitation, if used, is longer."},"result_longevity":"Durability data extend to roughly 5–10 years with generally acceptable valve function; long-term durability depends on valve type and patient factors, and is still being studied.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat valve intervention or reintervention (e.g. valve-in-valve, surgery) within about 5 years; early reintervention under 1-2%."},"scars":"Transfemoral access leaves only a tiny puncture site in the groin, with minimal scarring; surgical cutdown, if needed, leaves a small incision.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single procedure."},"stages":[{"code":"valve_implantation","label":"Transcatheter valve implantation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Single-stage transfemoral TAVI."},"success":{"metric":"Survival at 1 year after TAVI","value":92,"unit":"percent","horizon":"1 year","population":"Adults with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, intermediate surgical risk, transfemoral TAVI","evidence_status":"proven"},"techniques":[{"name":"Transfemoral TAVI with balloon-expandable valve","suits_whom":"Most patients with suitable femoral vessels and aortic annulus anatomy.","recovery":"Discharge usually within 1–3 days."},{"name":"Transfemoral TAVI with self-expanding valve","suits_whom":"Patients with suitable anatomy, including some with small annulus or elevated risk of annular injury.","recovery":"Similar recovery; pacemaker need may be somewhat higher."},{"name":"Alternative access (transaxillary, transcarotid, transapical)","suits_whom":"Patients with unsuitable femoral vessels.","recovery":"Often longer recovery than transfemoral."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Procedure time for uncomplicated transfemoral TAVI; excludes preparation and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Recent transthoracic echocardiogram report","CT angiography report of aorta and femoral arteries","Coronary angiogram report","Recent ECG","List of blood thinners"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage procedure; stay about 7-10 days including pre-procedure tests, 1-3 nights in hospital and discharge checks. 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