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Minor events excluded."},"contraindications":["Active deep vein thrombosis or acute superficial thrombophlebitis","Pregnancy","Severe peripheral arterial disease","Significant immobility that prevents walking after the procedure","Active local or systemic infection","Veins too tortuous or unsuitable for catheter access (relative)","Very large or aneurysmal saphenous trunk (relative)","Known allergy to local anesthetic","Uncontrolled hypercoagulable state (relative, requires specialist assessment)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Performed as an outpatient procedure on one leg with no overnight stay."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking is encouraged immediately. 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Residual surface veins may need treatment."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":1,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Short flights usually fine after a few days; long-haul flights wait about 1–2 weeks because of clot risk."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":1,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early check, often with duplex ultrasound, to confirm vein closure and exclude clot extension."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":180,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Later review to assess outcome and any residual veins."}}],"indications":["Symptomatic varicose veins with great or small saphenous vein reflux","Leg heaviness, aching, swelling or night cramps from venous insufficiency","Skin changes or venous eczema from chronic venous insufficiency","Healed or active venous leg ulcer associated with reflux","Visible varicose veins with confirmed truncal vein reflux"],"main_risks":["Bruising and tenderness along the treated vein","Skin burns or pigmentation changes","Superficial thrombophlebitis","Temporary or, rarely, permanent nerve irritation causing numbness or tingling","Deep vein thrombosis or thrombus extension (uncommon)","Incomplete closure or recurrence needing retreatment","Infection (rare)"],"pain":"Mild to moderate discomfort during tumescent anesthetic injections, little pain during laser. Afterwards, mild pulling, tightness and tenderness along the vein for days to 1-2 weeks, eased with simple analgesia.","preparation":["Duplex ultrasound mapping of the leg veins before treatment","Clinician reviews medical history, clot risk and current medicines","Shave the leg area if needed and wear loose clothing","Plan to walk afterwards; bring compression stockings if needed","Avoid applying creams to the leg on the day"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First 24-48 hours","description":"Compression bandage or stocking applied and regular walking started right away. Mild tightness and bruising are common.","restrictions":["Avoid prolonged standing or sitting","No heavy lifting or strenuous exercise"]},{"phase":"Days 3-14","description":"Compression stockings are worn for about 1-2 weeks as advised. Bruising and cord-like tenderness gradually improve.","restrictions":["Avoid hot baths, saunas and intense exercise as advised","Avoid heavy lifting"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-6","description":"Return to normal activity. Most bruising and tenderness resolve and the vein shrinks.","restrictions":[]},{"phase":"Months 1-6","description":"Cosmetic appearance continues to improve as the closed vein is absorbed. Review as needed for residual veins.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":1,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Daily activities resume the same or next day; mild tightness and bruising last several days."},"result_longevity":"Treated trunk veins usually stay closed long term, but new varicose veins can develop elsewhere because venous disease is progressive. Recurrence depends on the patient and the technique.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":3,"max":10,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat treatment of residual or recanalized trunk vein or tributaries within about 1-5 years; varies with vein size and technique."},"scars":"No surgical incision. There is only a tiny needle puncture at the access site that usually heals with little or no visible mark. Temporary bruising or pigmentation can occur.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Usually one session for the main trunk vein of one leg; a second for the other leg or tributaries."},"stages":[{"code":"laser_ablation","label":"Endovenous laser ablation of the incompetent trunk vein","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial session."}}],"qualifier":"Counts treatment appointments only. 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