Halaman 12 - CT (computed tomography) - tomografi terkomputasi Dokter Terbaik - TOP-573 dokter

Gastroenterologist

Crohn's disease

Ulcerative colitis

Other autoimmune diseases

Gastritis

Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum

Precancerous conditions of the gastrointestinal tract

Irritable bowel syndrome

Chronic diarrhea

Chronic constipation, etc.

SPECIALIZATION:

Gastroenterologist

EDUCATION:

Azerbaijan State Medical University

COURSES:

Graduated from the Azerbaijan State Medical University. In different years, he participated in seminars held in Azerbaijan by German, Colombian, Swiss, Russian and Ukrainian specialists on "Basics of Homotoxicology", gastroenterology, isopathy, acupuncture and neurotherapy, and received the relevant certificates. At the Sisli Etfal Hospital Egitim Araştırma in Istanbul he attended the refresher courses on "Metabolic Disorders and Obesity", Ege University of Izmir on "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" and at the same time he attended the Congress on Bioregulatory Drugs in Germany. He attended the courses held Individual Medical Association in Ankara, on the topic of "PRP-CGF and Serum Ozonation". Currently working as a gastroenterologist in the clinic of biological medicine. Has successful results in the treatment of a number of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

EXPERIENCE:

21 years old

Specialist in Neurology
Head of the Advanced Neurosciences Unit – Quirónsalud

Professional Experience

Head of the Neurology Service
Hospital Universitario de Torrevieja (2018 – 2021)
Led a multidisciplinary neurology team with a focus on patient-centered care, especially for neurodegenerative disorders.

Head of Neurology Service
Hospital Clínica Benidorm (2017 – 2018)
Oversaw diagnostic and therapeutic services in general neurology, epilepsy, and movement disorders.

Consultant Neurologist
Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (2017 – 2018)
Specialized in inpatient and outpatient neurology services, actively participated in teaching and research.

Consultant Neurologist
Hospital de Manises, Valencia (2016 – 2017)
Focus on epilepsy and complex neurological diagnostics.

General Practitioner
Baghavatula Charitable Trust (BCT), Vishakapatnam, India (2012 – 2016)
Provided healthcare services in underserved rural communities, gaining valuable experience in global medicine.

Education & Training

Medical Degree
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (2005 – 2011)

Neurology Residency (MIR Program)
Hospital General Universitario de Alicante (2012 – 2016)

Postgraduate Studies

Postgraduate Specialization in Movement Disorders
Universidad Oberta de Catalunya (2019 – 2020)

Postgraduate Specialization in Clinical Research
Chair UAM-Abbvie (2020 – ongoing)

Master in Healthcare Management
UDIMA - Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (2020 – ongoing)

Master in Clinical Neurology
Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (2020 – ongoing)

Professional Societies

Member of the Valencian Society of Neurology (SVN)

Member of the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN)

Scientific Contributions

Publications:

"Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease – Heidenhain Variant" – Presented at the 66th Meeting of the Spanish Society of Neurology (2015)

"Sleepwalking or Epilepsy?" – Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society of Neuropediatrics (2016)

Conferences & Courses:

Epilepsy Hospital Stage Course – Hospital La Princesa, Madrid (2020)

Updates on Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders – Movement Disorder Society, 2019

American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting – Baltimore, USA (2019)

Dr. Victor Alexander Krol - Kepala Gastroenterologi, Penyakit Dalam dan Pusat Pengobatan Obesitas di Rumah Sakit Martinus

Dr. Victor Alexander Krol adalah seorang spesialis yang sangat berkualifikasi, memimpin departemen gastroenterologi dan penyakit dalam. Dengan pengalaman bertahun-tahun dan pengetahuan mendalam di bidangnya, Dr. Krol telah membuktikan dirinya sebagai ahli luar biasa, memberikan perawatan komprehensif dan pendekatan individual kepada pasien. Dia secara aktif menggunakan metode terbaru dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan penyakit saluran pencernaan, metabolisme, serta penyakit sistem kardiovaskular dan pernapasan.

Dr. Krol juga merupakan direktur Pusat Pengobatan Obesitas bersertifikat di Rumah Sakit Martinus, yang menyediakan perawatan bedah dan endoskopi untuk obesitas. Pusat ini menggunakan teknologi canggih untuk mendiagnosis dan mengobati obesitas (adiposis), termasuk metode seperti bedah bariatrik, penurunan berat badan endoskopi, dan program khusus untuk pasien dengan berbagai tahapan obesitas. Pusat ini bersertifikat dengan standar tinggi dan memiliki hasil yang sangat baik dalam pengobatan penyakit serius ini.

Departemen Gastroenterologi, yang dipimpin oleh Dr. Krol, mendiagnosis dan mengobati penyakit perut, usus, hati, pankreas, dan kantong empedu. Dokter di departemen ini menggunakan berbagai metode, termasuk prosedur endoskopi, ultrasound, dan teknologi diagnostik modern lainnya.

Departemen Penyakit Dalam mencakup berbagai penyakit, termasuk kardiologi, diabetologi, infektologi, dan terapi penyakit pernapasan serta ginjal. Dr. Krol dan timnya memberikan pendekatan komprehensif untuk pengobatan dengan menggunakan metode pengobatan paling maju.

Berkat profesionalismenya yang tinggi dan pendekatan humanis terhadap setiap pasien, Dr. Krol secara layak mendapatkan penghormatan dari rekan kerja dan pasien.

Education & Expertise

• 1998 to 2004 – Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
• 2005 to 2009 – Düzce University, Internal Medicine Specialization
• 2009 to 2010 – Beytüşşebap State Hospital, Compulsory Internal Medicine Service
• 2010 to 2013 – Bülent Ecevit University, Medical Oncology Specialization
• 2013 to 2015 – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Medical Oncology Compulsory Service
• 2015 to Present – Associate Professor, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University
• 2015 to 2021 – Lecturer, Medical Oncology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine
• 2020 to Present – Professor, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine
• 2020 to Present – Ph.D. Student, Inorganic Chemistry, Sakarya University

Experience

• 2008 – Cleveland Clinic, Rheumatology & Gastroenterology Rotation
• 2016 to 2017 – Northeastern University, The Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Boston, U.S.

Professional Memberships

• TTOD (Turkish Society of Medical Oncology)
• ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology)
• ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology)

Education & Academic Qualifications

License (MD)

Field: Medicine

University: Istanbul University

Year: 1987

Residency

Field: Cardiovascular Surgery

Institution: Siyami Ersek Heart Center

Years: 1988–1994

Clinical Fellowship

Field: Cardiovascular Surgery

Institution: University of Ottawa Heart Center (Canada)

Years: 1994–1995

Academic Titles & Positions

Assistant Professor

Field: Cardiovascular Surgery

Institution: Siyami Ersek Heart Center

Years: 1995–2008

Professor

Field: Cardiovascular Surgery

Institution: Altınbaş University

Years: 2014–2019

Membership in Scientific and Professional Organizations

-Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery

-European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery

-European Society for Vascular Surgery

Dr. med. Sven Rogmans is an experienced Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon with over 28 years in clinical practice. He treats osteoarthritis using both conservative and surgical methods. He is skilled in minimally invasive hip joint replacement and manages lower limb periprosthetic fractures.

Dr. Rogmans graduated from Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg, Germany. He is known for his advanced arthroscopic surgery for sports injuries. He has published many articles in national and international medical journals, showing his dedication to research and progress in orthopaedics.

Associate Professor Dr. Yusuf AÇIKGÖZ
Specialization: Medical Oncology

Education:

• 2004-2011: İnönü University Faculty of Medicine
• 2011-2016: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine
• 2017-2022: Health Sciences University, Medical Oncology

Professional Experience:

• 2016-2017: Bingöl City Hospital, Internal Medicine
• 2021-2022: Health Sciences University, Medical Oncology
• 2022-2023: Kastamonu Education and Research Hospital, Medical Oncology
• 2023-2024: Ohio State University, Medical Oncology
• 2024-Present: Lokman Hekim University, Medical Oncology, Ankara Hospital

Clinical Trials, Courses, Certifications:

Clinical Trials:

• 2017-2021: Phase III, CheckMate-649 Study (Assistant Investigator)
• 2022-Present: Phase III, Fortitude-101 Study (Assistant Investigator)

Courses:

• 2018: Medicres Basic and Advanced Biostatistics Training Program (ongoing), Istanbul-Vienna
• 2019: Immuno-Oncology Education Course, March 1-2, 2019, Vienna, Central European Cooperative Oncology Group (CECOG)
• 2018: Good Clinical Practice Certification, April 7-8, 2018, Ankara, Health Sciences University
• 2017: Basic Oncology Training Program, November 25-26, 2017, Adana, Clinical Oncology Society
• 2016: Basic Ultrasonography Course (10 hours theoretical + 10 hours practical), September 24-25, 2016, Ankara, Turkish Emergency Medicine Association

Certifications:

• Ongoing: ECFMG Certification
• 2024: CITI Responsible Conduct of Research (The Ohio State University)
• 2024: CITI IACUC-Laboratory Animal Research (The Ohio State University)
• 2024: CITI Human Subjects Protection (The Ohio State University)
• 2024: CITI Good Clinical Practice (The Ohio State University)
• 2023: Occupational English Test (OET)
• 2019: International English Language Testing System (IELTS), Total Score: 6.5, May 26, 2019, Ankara, British Council
• 2017: USMLE Step 2 CK Exam; Score: 244, February 7, 2017
• 2016: USMLE Step 1 Exam; Score: 215, August 25, 2016

Memberships:

• American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) - 2022
• Turkish Society of Medical Oncology - 2020

Prof. Emin Tireli, MD, adalah seorang ahli bedah kardiovaskular pediatrik terkemuka. Dia telah melakukan lebih dari 6.329 operasi jantung bawaan sejak tahun 1993. Dia dikenal di seluruh dunia sebagai salah satu yang pertama menggunakan prosedur kompleks Nikaidoh untuk transposisi arteri besar (TGA).

Dr. Tireli melakukan lebih dari 100 operasi jantung neonatal setiap tahun. Keahliannya meliputi operasi penggantian arteri, kelainan pengembalian total paru, pembandulan paru, dan prosedur Norwood. Dia telah menggunakan teknik hibrida dalam 15 kasus. Dr. Tireli juga telah menyelesaikan 30 rekonstruksi kelainan aorta dan banyak ligasi PDA pada bayi dengan berat lahir sangat rendah. Karyanya sangat mendukung perawatan neonatal.

Education & Expertise

• 1997 | Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine – Medical Degree
• 2003 | Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine – Internal Medicine Specialization
• 2007 | Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine – Hematology Subspecialty

Professional Experience

• 1998 (May – September) | Practitioner, Dr. Salaha Health Center, Rize
• 1998 to 2003 | Research Assistant, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department
• 2003 to 2007 | Hematology Subspecialist, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Hematology Division
• 2007 to 2011 | Hematology Specialist, Bursa Ali Osman Sönmez Oncology Hospital (Compulsory Service)
• 2011 to 2013 | Hematology Specialist, Private Anadolu Health Center Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Gebze
• 2014 to 2015 | Assistant Professor, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
• 2015 to 2020 | Associate Professor, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
• 2020 to Present | Professor, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine

Courses & Certifications

• Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Certificate
• Clinical Phytotherapy Application Certificate
• Flow Cytometry Experience Certificate
• EBMT Stem Cell Transplantation Course

Professional Memberships

• Turkish Medical Chamber
• Turkish Hematology Association (Full Member, No: 893)
• Turkish Therapeutic Apheresis Association (Current President)
• Geriatric Hematology Association
• Hematological Oncology Association
• EBMT (European Bone Marrow Transplantation)

Awards & Recognitions

• 2011 | 6th Turkish Therapeutic Apheresis Congress – Young Researcher Award

Membership in societies:

Expert of scientific journals 

Close co-operation with leading surgeons

Membership of the German Medical Association 

Specialities:

Introduction of new and modern techniques in the field of oncological surgery
General and visceral surgery

Minimally invasive surgery

Gastrointestinal oncology surgery

Oncological surgery

Haemorrhoids treatment

Additional clinical specialisation in minimally invasive and hernia surgery

Surgery and transplantation of the pancreas

Work Experience:

2005: Specialist in the field of surgery

2008: Appointed Senior Consultant specialising in pancreatic surgery and transplantation

2010: Coordinator of the Pancreatic Cancer Centre (Oncocert)

2013: Specialist in visceral surgery

2014: Managing Senior Physician, additional clinical specialisation in minimally invasive and hernia surgery

2019: Chief Surgeon of the Colorectal Cancer Centre Bochum (the first certified colorectal cancer centre in Germany and one of the first certified leading colorectal centres in Europe)

2021: Chief Surgeon of the Department of Surgery at the Academic Hospital Solingen

Thanks to the professor and his team, the department has been modernised by introducing modern surgical methods of treatment and especially improved methods of post-operative recovery. The Department of Surgery at the Solingen Clinic is now further expanding its focus on minimally invasive surgery in the direction of robotics. The clinic has allocated a huge budget for the purchase of state-of-the-art equipment in order to offer patients a full range of surgical methods for the treatment of benign and malignant diseases of the oesophagus, lungs, stomach, liver, pancreas and intestines according to current guidelines and using the most modern technical equipment.

Professor Schenker is an active researcher and lecturer. He lectures at medical universities and organises seminars and workshops for colleagues. He cooperates closely with the Cancer Centre, the Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Centre, the Intestinal Cancer Treatment Centre and the Interregional Trauma Centre.

Dr. Marc Ulrich Becher is an interventional cardiologist and heart failure specialist at Städtisches Klinikum Solingen. He is known for performing advanced procedures such as coronary angiography, radiofrequency ablation with 3D mapping, carotid angioplasty, and stenting.

Dr. Becher’s clinic carries out about 3,000 to 4,000 diagnostic and therapeutic procedures each year. These include complex coronary interventions, catheter-based valve replacements, and structural heart procedures. He is experienced in using advanced imaging techniques like IVUS and OCT for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Dr. Becher is dedicated to providing thorough and compassionate care. He uses modern therapies for both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases, focusing on patient safety and positive outcomes.

1997 - 2002 Universitas Istanbul Fakultas Kedokteran Cerrahpaşa, Departemen Ortopedi dan Traumatologi

1990 - 1996 Universitas Istanbul Fakultas Kedokteran Cerrahpasa

Artikel yang ditulis dan dikontribusikan oleh;

Efikasi klinis dari injeksi plasma kaya platelet peritendinous dalam pengobatan tendinopati: Studi retrospektif Aybars Kıvrak* (a), Mehmet Can Ünlü (a), Esref Terzi (a), Olgar Birsel (b), Doruk Akgun (c), Yusuf Pirincci (d), Gokhan Kaynak(a), Isik Akgun (e) Efek jangka menengah dan panjang dari cincin atap asetabular dan kerangka anti-protrusio Burch-Schneider dalam revisi asetabular pada pasien dengan defisiensi tulang asetabular Korespondensi: Yusuf Pirinççi, Muhammed Taha Demir, Mumammet Salih, Fahri Erdoğan, Nejat Güney

Variabel dimensional dari femur proksimal pada displasia pinggul dewasa perkembangan menunjukkan bahwa desain penyusutan berbentuk persegi panjang mungkin menjadi pilihan optimal untuk pasien dengan pinggul tipe IV Crowe

Spesialisasi

Pemanjangan Kaki 

Bedah Olahraga

Robekan Meniskus

Robekan Ligamen Krusiatum Anterior

Prostesis Lutut

Prostesis Pinggul

Prostesis Bahu

Perbaikan SLAP Bahu

Perpanjangan Tinggi Badan

Bedah Tumor

Bedah Kaki (Hallux Valgus)

Kaki Diabetik

Infeksi Tulang (Osteomielitis)

Experience

On his return from London, he organized and directed the Arrhythmia Unit of the Cardiology Service of the University Hospital Nuestra Señora del Pino in Las Palmas until 2000.

He later became Deputy Director of the Arrhythmia Department and Director of the Electrophysiology Laboratory at the Jimenez Diaz Foundation in Madrid.

Professor of Cardiology at the Autonomous University and Director of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (Heart Rhythm Society) Fellowship Program, positions he held for 6 years before moving to the Quironsalud University Hospital of Madrid in 2006.

Dr. Cabrera has been head of the cardiology department at the Quironsalud University Hospital of Madrid since its opening in 2006.

Since January 2013, he has also been Head of the Cardiology Department at the Ruber Juan Bravo Hospital Complex and, in 2022, Head of Service at the new Olimpia Center.

He is a professor at the European University of Madrid, where he heads the Department of Clinical and Fundamental Translational Cardiology.

Qualification

Doctorate in Medicine and Surgery from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada. From 1994 to 1996 he completed postgraduate training as an interventional cardiologist in the Arrhythmia Unit (Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory) of the Jiménez Díaz Foundation in Madrid.

Senior Research Fellow. National Heart and Lung Institute. Royal Brompton. Paediatric Heart Morphology under the direction of Prof. Robert H. Anderson in London (UK) in 1997.

Research and Teaching

Member of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, SEC Arrhythmia Section, European Society of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Working Group, European Heart Rhythm Association, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.

He serves on numerous committees for the selection and monitoring of fellowships and research projects of various national and international cardiology and cardiac arrhythmia societies.

Reviewer of articles for publication in the most relevant journals in the specialty. Journal of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, PACE, Europace, Heart Circulation, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Electrophysiology of Circulation, Journal of Interventional Cardiovascular Electrophysiology.

Member of the European Society of Cardiology

Member of the Arrhythmia Working Group

European Society of Cardiology

Member of the Arrhythmia Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology.

Member of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC)

Member of the European Heart Rhythm Association.

Member of the Selection and Control Committee of the Spanish Society of Cardiology. Post-Residency Research Training Fellowships 2001-2002/2002-2003.

Evaluator and member of the selection committee for research, technological development and innovation projects of the Government of Extremadura. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2001-2004).

Member of the Spanish research group. Integrated Action Programme between Spain and the United Kingdom. Directorate General of Higher Education and Research (reference HB 1998-0030). Project title: Anatomical study of the cavities of the human heart and its application to clinical electrophysiology.

Member of the Spanish research group. Integrated Action Programme between Spain and Austria. Directorate General for Higher Education and Research (reference HU 1999-0002). Project title: Electromorphological analysis of the terminal crest and posterior pectineus muscle. Its importance as a morphological substrate in different types of supraventricular tachycardias.

Participation in the clinical commission and protocol of the study AZIMILIDE versus SOTALOL on programmed cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. 2001-2003.

Personal Information

Name Surname: İbrahim COŞKUNER

Birthplace - Year: 1964

Academic Title: Op. Dr.

Foreign Language: English

Education

Karadeniz University Faculty of Medicine

SB Ankara Hospital

Work Experience

Bursa City Hospital 2020

Artvin State Hospital 2005

Osteoarthritis Treatment; Intra-articular Botox Application

Treatment of Nonunion Fractures with new generation Composite Implants

Use of Composite Implants in early Fracture Healing

Joint Replacement in Hip and Knee Arthritis; Replacement of Joint with Prosthesis - Quality Metal Implants

Stem Cell Applications in Developmental Disorders

Knee Ligament Injury Repair Reconstructive Interventions

Spine Curvature Treatment Surgical Intervention

Ilizarov System Applications Surgical Treatment of Open Fractures, Correction of Deformities

Trauma to the bone structures

Knee Surgery

Structural Bone Disorders

Hand Surgery Athlete Traumatology

Pediatric Surgery

Intra-Articular Injections

PRP Injection

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Dr. Felix Dobritoiu is a thoracic surgeon at Ponderas Academic Hospital. He specializes in minimally invasive and robotic procedures for adults and children. He performs robotic thoracic surgery with the da Vinci Xi system. He also uses video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), including uniportal VATS. These methods use small incisions for faster recovery.

His practice includes mediastinoscopy and bronchoscopy. He performs complex lung and mediastinal resections. He also offers sternochondroplasty (Nuss and reversed Nuss). In selected cases, he can perform minimally invasive procedures without postoperative pleural drainage.

Dr. Mustafa Yavuz Samanci is an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at Medipol Acıbadem District Hospital in Istanbul. He has specialized training in stereotactic, functional, and pediatric neurosurgery. Dr. Samanci completed a clinical fellowship in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. He has also finished advanced programs in spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation. He received several TÜBİTAK postdoctoral research fellowships and the Prof. Dr. Hakan Caner Overseas Education Scholarship from the Turkish Neurosurgical Society.

Dr. Samanci is an active member of several national and international neurosurgical societies. These include the Turkish Neurosurgical Society, the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, and the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. He has served on editorial boards and scientific committees. His work reflects significant contributions to academic neurosurgery and research.

Prof. İbrahim Azboy, M.D.

Languages: English, Kurdish, Arabic

Orthopaedics and Traumatology
 

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Hip & knee arthroplasty (primary, revision, robotic‑assisted)
• Infection prevention & management in joint replacements
• Minimally invasive and joint‑preserving orthopedic surgery
• Sports & trauma-related injuries (e.g. ACL, fractures)
• Osteoarthritis, cartilage damage & osteonecrosis

International Researcher IDs:  

• ORCID: 0000-0003-0926-3029 / Yoksis Researcher ID: 145243 

Education & Training

• 1994–2001: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine
• 2002–2008: Ministry of Health Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
• 2014 & 2017: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA – Knee and Hip Arthroplasty and Arthroscopy Training
• 2016: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA – Knee and Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Preserving Surgery Training

Academic & Professional Appointments

• 2021–Present: Professor, Istanbul Medipol University
• 2017–2020: Associate Professor, Istanbul Medipol University
• 2011–2017: Assistant Professor, Dicle University
• 2008–2011: Consultant MD, Şanlıurfa and Balıkesir Military Hospitals

Professional Memberships

• Member of 9 national and international orthopedic associations including:
  AAHKS, SICOT, EHS, KADAD, TOTBID, TOTEK, and TTB

Scientific & Educational Contributions

• Prof. Dr. İbrahim Azboy has authored over 70 internationally and 25 nationally peer-reviewed journal articles, contributed to 4 book chapters and 2 book translations, and presented at 25+ international and 65+ national congresses. He also serves as a reviewer for 13 scientific journals, including JBJS, JOA, SICOT-J, and JORR.

Teaching & Speaking Engagements

• Speaker/trainer in 20+ national courses and congresses on topics such as:
• Hip and knee arthroplasty
• Prosthetic joint infections
• VTE prophylaxis
• Surgical approaches and implant strategies